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As 1960 dawned, sub-Saharan Africa braced for historic change: that year, 17 of its countries were destined to gain independence from European colonial powers
A demographic gulf has opened up in Europe since the fall of the Iron Curtain, with migration behind a population decline in many eastern European countries
Germany recorded a bounce in the birth rate in 2016, official statistics show, hitting a 43-year high helped along by large numbers of recently-arrived migrants.
France and Sweden have the highest fertility rates in Europe but births across the EU are less than needed to replenish the population naturally, according to Eurostat.